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Joshua Bernard B. Espeña

The author is a Manila-based defense analyst and international affairs academic who works and writes about issues and topics regarding the Great Power Politics of the Indo-Pacific, Philippine Strategic Culture, and ASEAN Studies. He currently pursues his master’s degree in International Studies at the University of the Philippines, Diliman. 
Indo-Pacific

Russian Military buildup in the Far East: Building Security for Insecurity

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
On Sep. 17, news surfaced that Russia announced its intention to increase its deployment in the Russian Far East. Accordingly, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu...
Security

Chinese Defense Minister’s Visit to the Philippines: Meeting Half-Way or a Power Play?

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
In the second week of September this year, Chinese Defense Minister Wei Fenghe visited Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines...
Indo-Pacific

The Iran-China Axis: A Threat in the Indo-Pacific?

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
The New York Times reported that it obtained information last July 2020 that Iran and China have forged a “25-year comprehensive partnership” that would develop...
Indo-Pacific

Paranoia on China? The Case for US Leadership in the Indo-Pacific

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
The 2003 invasion of Iraq spelled nostalgia in the world stage regarding United States when it repudiated the United Nations Security Council to topple Iraqi...

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Commentary

Bomb First, Justify Later: Iran’s Strategic Dilemma Under Israeli Hegemony

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Israel’s June 13 blitz on Iran wasn’t self-defense—it was a ruthless display of unchecked power. Civilians, scientists, sovereignty—all burned. With U.S. cover and global silence, Israel now bombs with impunity. Who’s the real threat?
Middle East and Africa

When Israel Bombs and Trump Tweets: Are We Eyewitnesses to a New Kind of Warfare?

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Israel’s strike on Iran brazenly defies international law. Without UN approval or evidence of imminent threat, it likely violates Article 2(4) of the UN Charter—normalizing illegal aggression under the guise of self-defense.
Geopolitics

From Diplomacy to Destruction: Israel, Iran, and the Crisis of Global Order

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Israel's deep strikes in Iran mark a shift—from dialogue to dominance. As diplomacy collapses and double standards prevail, the global order teeters on the edge of irreversible crisis.
Commentary

Iran-Russia 20-Year Strategic Cooperation Agreement: Key Takeaways

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Iran and Russia have ratified a 20-year strategic pact covering trade, energy, and security. Quietly, it signals a challenge to Western influence and a blueprint for a multipolar world order.
Central Asia

China’s BRI, Kazakhstan, and KIMEP University: The Second Central Asia-China Summit

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Trump’s America First weakened U.S. global leadership. China expanded its influence through the BRI and education initiatives. But despite economic gains, it still struggles to improve its image and build real soft power.

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