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Joshua Bernard B. Espeña

The author is a Manila-based defense analyst and international affairs academic who works and writes about issues and topics regarding the Great Power Politics of the Indo-Pacific, Philippine Strategic Culture, and ASEAN Studies. He currently pursues his master’s degree in International Studies at the University of the Philippines, Diliman. 
Indo-Pacific

Russian Military buildup in the Far East: Building Security for Insecurity

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
On Sep. 17, news surfaced that Russia announced its intention to increase its deployment in the Russian Far East. Accordingly, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu...
Security

Chinese Defense Minister’s Visit to the Philippines: Meeting Half-Way or a Power Play?

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
In the second week of September this year, Chinese Defense Minister Wei Fenghe visited Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines...
Indo-Pacific

The Iran-China Axis: A Threat in the Indo-Pacific?

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
The New York Times reported that it obtained information last July 2020 that Iran and China have forged a “25-year comprehensive partnership” that would develop...
Indo-Pacific

Paranoia on China? The Case for US Leadership in the Indo-Pacific

Joshua Bernard B. Espeña -
The 2003 invasion of Iraq spelled nostalgia in the world stage regarding United States when it repudiated the United Nations Security Council to topple Iraqi...

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Diplomacy

Ghana’s Interest in BRICS, India’s Support and the Growing Relevance of BRICS+

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Ghana’s bid to join BRICS+ reflects a growing push to diversify economic partnerships without abandoning traditional allies. Could its entry strengthen BRICS’ role in a multipolar world?
China

India-China Relations in a Turbulent World : The Need for Realistic Expectations

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India-China ties are improving, but border tensions, strategic rivalry, and Indo-Pacific competition require realistic expectations. Cooperation can grow, yet enduring differences will continue shaping the relationship.
Geopolitics

Why is QUAD Plus Relevant for FOIP?

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QUAD Plus can reinforce a Free and Open Indo-Pacific by expanding intelligence, technology, and maritime cooperation, reducing dependence on China and strengthening regional resilience against coercion.
Americas

What Canada’s Submarine Decision Means for South Korean Arms Exports

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Canada's submarine choice highlights a key lesson: modern arms sales depend not only on capability and price, but also on alliances, strategic trust, and long-term security partnerships. South Korea must sell relationships, not just weapons.
Geopolitics

Can Abiy Ahmed Afford His Power in Ethiopia’s Political Marketplace?

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Abiy Ahmed's political capital is shrinking as insecurity, inflation, elite fragmentation, and dependence on external patrons drive up the cost of power. Can Ethiopia's political marketplace sustain his rule much longer?

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